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L. J. w|cKs.

Churn. A No.v 23,208. I Patented March 8, V1859.

wf rfv; s 'SES H WMM I l UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

LOREN J. VICKS, OF RACINE, VISCONSIN.

CHURN.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 23,208, dated March 8, 1859- To allwhom it may concern.'

Be it known that I, LOREN J'. VICKS, of Racine town and county and Stateof liscousin, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inAtmospheric Churns; and I do hereby declare that the following is afull, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had tothe accompanying drawings'and to the letters of reference markedthereon.

The nature ofiny invention consists in the arrangement and employment ofthe several parts which will be hereinafter mentioned.

In the annexed drawings Figure 1 isa perspective view of the churn inoperating order, Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the internal apparatus.

In the figures A, represents the body of the churn.

C, C, represent uprights on the top D, D', which support the shaft B, onwhich is se cured the driving wheel E, said wheel E, being provided onits side with teeth or cogs, which work in a bevel wheel F, on shaft Gr,which serves to drive said shaft.

G, represents a vertical shaft, which is provided near its top with thebevel wheel l", and which has a bearing( in the center of the bottom ofthe churn for its lower end. This shaft passes through two pieces 2',i', at their junction. Said pieces crossing each other at right anglesare secured near the bottom of the shaft G to said shaft.

j, y', j, j, represent four tubes the lower ends of which are secured inopenings in or near the extremities of the cross pieces i, z', the upperends of said tubes being secured around the shaft G, near its top underthe wheel F.

Zr, 7c, 7c, are funnels which are secured in the sides of the crosspieces near their eX- tremities in such a manner that they willcommunica te with the bottoms or lower ends of the tubes j, j, y', y'.

D, D, represent openings in the top of the churn which are covered withgauze wire as shown.

This churn is operated, when the parts are all in proper position, byturning the crank S, which gives motion to shaft B and wheel E, thusconnnunicating a rotary motion to the shaft Gr and its attachments in adirection which will keep the mout-hs of the funnels constantly recedingfrom the crea-1n. As the funnels recede from the cream or milk a vacuumis produced in the tubes j, j, j, j, and the external air rushes inimmediately at the tops of the tubes and is conveyed through them to thebottom of the churn, where it escapes and rises through the cream to thetop of the churn again. As the lower ends of the tubes move much fasterthan the upper ends the equilibrium is destroyed and the air rushes intothe tubes much faster than it would if the tops and bottoms moved at thesame speed. Then the shaft Gr, is turned rapidly the cream in the churnassumes the shape of a hollow frustum of a cone and is kept between thesides of the box and the circle or cone describedpby the revolving oftubes j, j, while the butter when it begins to come, being heavier thanthe cream, falls between the tubes j, j, and keeps between these tubesat the bottom ofthe churn.

The object of the gauze wire covering for the apertures D, D, is, first,to give Ventilation, and in the second place it affords an opportunityof examining the condition of the cream while the operation is going on;third, it prevents spattering. It is often necessary during the processof churning to examine the condition of the cream, to note its changes,so as to know how to treat it properly, and this cannot be done in ordinary churns without taking off the top, and

cream in a more or less degree.

I am well aware of the patent of Francis and also of the rejectedapplication of lVhitman. `Both of these are impracticable and aredifferently arranged of course from mine. Francis gets some air withoutany friction, and lVhitman gets some friction without any air. The tubesof Vhitman move equally fast at top and bot-tom, and it is impossiblefor funnels on top to drive the air into the cream. Hence I disclaimanything found in either of these applications, confining myself to myown arrangement.'

this always produces a bad effect upon theii Having thus fully describedmy invention being combined and operated in the manner vwhat I claim asnew and desire to secure by and for the purpose herein Specified.Letters Patent 1s The arrangement, in ziV Square churn A, LOREN J'VICKS' 5 which is provided with a Ventilating top, of VVioneSses:

` the shaft Gr, inclined arms j, j, j, y', cross C. M. ALEXANDER, piecesz', z', and funnels la, 70, c, 7c, the same A. A. YEATMAN.

